A standardized, cumulative list regarding cross-exercise try computed each mix of maternal forest and you will pollen donor, considering adult good fresh fruit put, seeds germination, and you will survivorship and you can development of seedlings. For every types, mixed-design analysis away from difference was utilized to evaluate the effects off crossing therapy (repaired impact; which have maternal tree included once the a random effect) on percentage of hand-pollinated herbs means mature fruit, rates away from seed products germination and you can seedling survivorship, seedling proportions from the 1 year, and you may collective exercise. Numerous models was in fact examined having fun with ANOVA: (a) plus the solutions, (b) leaving out unbalanced services, allowing comparison away from communication terms and conditions, (c) without selfing treatment (as the maternal trees was basically mostly or completely worry about-incompatible), and you can (d) collection most of the contained in this-Sinharaja outcrossing providers to check the effect from within this- versus. between-forest crossing. The effect away from crossing distance for each factor is after that tested having fun with linear otherwise quadratic regression research, according to model of the connection. Finally, per maternal forest, the results from nearest-neighbor and you can long-length mating was basically estimated compliment of indices of biparental inbreeding despair and you may outbreeding despair, respectively, according to cumulative exercise viewpoints.
Syzygium rubicundum
Fruit abortion was heavy for all trees, resulting in low fruit set (range across treatments: 2.0–9.7%; Fig. 2a). The timing of abortion was not discernable across treatments. Self-compatibility was low, but variable, across maternal trees (Fig. 2a). Flowers used for tests of apomixis (N = 360) and autogamy (N = 582) failed to set fruit. All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect and significant maternal tree effect, but no significant interaction between treatment and maternal tree (Tables 2A and 3A). For all three trees, the percentage of experimental flowers setting mature fruit showed a consistent increase with crossing distance, followed by a severe decline in fruit set with the distant between-forest treatment (Fig. 2a). dans vos 30s sites de rencontre en usa The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was nearly identical for the three maternal trees and significant with or without the self-pollinated treatment included in the model (quadratic regression model: arcsine square-root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; results without self-pollinated treatment: Fdos,57 = 8.25, P < 0.0007, R 2 = 0.47). Peak mean fruit set occurred at a crossing distance of 1–2 km (distant within-forest treatment) and was 1.7–4.7 times greater than mean fruit set rates for other hand-pollination treatments, averaged across maternal trees. Mean fruit set rate for the distant within-forest treatment was significantly greater than those for all treatments except distant-neighbor and open-pollinated, but consistently exceeded fruit set of open-pollinated flowers (Fig. 2a).
Shorea cordifolia
Fruit set was also low for Sh. cordifolia (range across treatments: 0–5.3%; Fig. 2b). Again, the timing of fruit abortion was not discernable among treatments. Selfed and distant between-forest treatments resulted in 0% and <1% fruit set, respectively. Fruit set from the intermediate-distance cross-pollinations varied across maternal trees, but with one exception (nearest-neighbor treatment at Tree number 1) indicated optimal fruit set at an outcrossing range of ?2 km (distant neighbor treatment; Fig. 2b). All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect, but no maternal tree effect (Tables 2B and 3B). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was significant only when the selfed treatment was excluded (quadratic regression model: arcsin square root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; F2,57 = 5.71, P < 0.006, R 2 = 0.41). At each maternal tree, fruit set rate for open-pollinated flowers was greater than that for all hand-cross treatments, suggesting that some aspect of the hand-pollination procedure (e.g., flower handling, bagging) caused reduced fruit set in Sh. cordifolia.